Modernização conservadora e precarização do trabalho no campo: uma análise à luz do direito agrário brasileiro

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the complex and, at times, paradoxical reality of theBrazilian countryside. In the rural landscape, the vigor of agribusiness coexists with severe social issues, such as unemployment, labor precariousness, and the continuous rural exodus. Far from being regarded as mere inevitable side effects of a developm entprocess, these phenomena are analyzed her ein as direct expressions of a historically consolidated model of socio economic transformation: conservative modernization (MOLINA, 2016). This approach seeks to move beyond a purely technicalor economic analysis, articulating the problem with in the context of the country's profound social and political contradictions. The central question guiding this study is how the modernization of Brazilian agriculture—driven by state policies and technological advancements—manifests in the phenomena of rural unemployment and labor precariousness. Further more, it identifies alternatives proposed in legal scholarship for constructing a more inclusive and equitable development model. Throughout this study, the analysis delve into the concepts of thet wolegal frameworksaddressed—Agrarian Law and Rural Labor Law—and the theoretical foundations supporting the thes is that rural unemployment is not a systemic failure, butratheran intrinsic consequence of its very design. The objectives of this research are, first, to define and contextualize thet wo legal frameworks correlating to the theme. Subsequently, the investigation examine themultifactorial causes of unemployment and labor precariousness in the countryside, specifically focusing on "conservative modernization" and its impacts on the rural labor structure, with particular attention to the technological revolution and changes in labor legislation. It also analyze the role of public policies and the protagonism of rural social movements. Furthermore, the study examine the social and economic implications of this phenomenon, such as the rural exodus and both social and digital exclusion. Therefore, the proposed theme presents relevant issues for the country’s social and legal spheres and, upon completion, Will contribute findings to the literature regarding the relationship between rural workers, Agrarian Law, and agribusiness.