Ações afirmativas: cotas raciais nas universidades públicas e o princípio da igualdade

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the issues related to the quota system in public universities, more precisely the racial quotas. We analyzed the main aspects of affirmative actions, concept, origin, evolution and their classification as gender of the species racial quotas. We also analyze the principle of equality, its formal and material aspects, observing its historical evolution and insertion of its material character in the most recent constitutions. We observe the consonance between the system of racial quotas and the principle of equality. Finally, we evaluate the racial quotas in the Brazilian public universities, passing through a brief comparative historical analysis of the Brazilian and North American settlements, generating different racial systems in each country. We study the multiracial criterion adopted today in Brazil and the arguments favorable to and contrary to the adoption of racial quotas, presented respectively by the differential and universalist currents. The research has doctrinal bases based on the literature published in books, internet and laws on the matter. We conclude that the system of racial quotas is a possible solution for the reduction of existing inequalities and that, together with the social criterion, can be an implement tool of material equality, as long as it is combined with investment policies in education.