Desocupações forçadas de assentamentos urbanos informais em Fortaleza: o passado se reflete no contexto da copa do mundo de 2014: estudo sobre o caso das comunidades dos trilhos

Abstract

This work is about how the forced ousters were used by the Government during the construction of the urban space in the capital of Ceará from the first half of the twentieth century and how this practice process is reflected in the context of the 2014 World Cup. In this context, institutes of dispossession and forced ousters are defined and differentiated in order to establish, on one hand, the relationship between the State and the owner and, on the other hand, the relationship between the State and the one who occupies the territory, as well as to present some reflections about the boundaries and contradictions in the application of these interventional tools by the government. Further, the phenomenon of informal settlements in Fortaleza is contextualized from its historical expressions, identifying political, social and economic aspects that influenced the action of the government towards designing urban spaces treasured by the real estate market from a “desfavelização” process. In this opportunity, it is shown that the symbolic discourse of progress and the logic of (re)production of the city remain over time, but acquire new shape in the context of the World Cup. The myth of legacy and exacerbated jingoism deepen the onslaughts of the Government towards the informal settlements through forced ousters. Thus, the Government acts as a real tool for maintenance of the means of capitalist production, strengthening the market logic in the construction of the city (exchange of values). The case study of communities of the rails is a portion of a city of exception scenery, that means the (re)production of urban space in defiance of national laws, international treaties and declarations that deal with the Right to the City. Accordingly, beyond the practical and theoretical limits of the institutes of dispossession and forced ousters, the past and the context that precedes the 2014 World Cup showed us an exclusionary logic of the production of urban space led by the Government. However , the struggle of communities of rails can be understood not only as a struggle of residents for housing rights and violations of human rights in the context of the World Cup, it is a fight against a historical process of "urban spoliation" suffered by the poorest sections of the city.