Diagnóstico técnico e adequação das instalações elétricas hospitalares: estudo de caso no Hospital Geral Cesar Cals de Oliveira

Abstract

The safety of electrical installations in hospital environments is critical for the lives of patients and professionals, requiring strict compliance with standards such as Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas NBR IEC 60601-1, ABNT NBR 5410:2004, and RDC nº 50/2002. However, public hospitals face obstacles related to resource limitations, maintenance management, and technical training. The present study aims to diagnose the electrical installations of the hospital in order to establish the necessary adjustments to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, which increases the reliability of hospital operations and reduces problems with electromedical equipment. The research adopts a qualitative case study at HGCCO. The methodology includes documental investigation (electrical projects, maintenance reports, and standards) and in-depth bibliographic review. The field stage involves detailed technical inspections with checklists, electrical measurements (grounding, touch voltage, insulation resistance), and semi-structured interviews with 12 professionals from Electrical Maintenance and Clinical Engineering. Data analysis applies SWOT matrix and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to classify risks, comparing findings with regulatory requirements to propose adjustments. The electrical analysis at Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals de Oliveira (HGCCO) revealed relevant nonconformities with standards, including grounding resistance (3.8Ω above 2Ω allowed) and lack of surge protection devices in 30% of surgical center outlets. Maintenance is mostly corrective (60%), resulting in high costs. The Emergency Department shows high levels of electrical noise, compromising equipment safety. The ICU, however, stood out for its high compliance. The study provided an accurate diagnosis of the electrical conditions of HGCCO, highlighting regulatory failures and risks associated with the lack of technical training. Based on this diagnosis, a priority action plan with feasible proposals was developed, aiming at the modernization of hospital electrical infrastructure, continuous improvement of safety, and compliance with legal requirement. As a result, an adequacy plan estimated at R$ 3.26 million was proposed, including staff training, with a financial return forecast in four years.