Hidrogênio verde e transição energética

Abstract

The supremacy of the carbon economy, over centuries of modern human development, has resulted in an empire of environmental degradation deeply harmful to the very biological foundation that sustains human life. In this sense, the slow pace attributed to climate change by deniers is a myth, and if there is no urgent global transition in the energy sector to renewable sources, the Anthropocene may inaugurate the sixth mass extinction of species. This issue, along with the threat of the Russo-Ukrainian War to the energy security of European countries, has triggered a series of investments in green hydrogen, a sustainable fuel capable of catalyzing an illustrious era of decarbonization in human history. However, it still presents several challenges regarding technical, economic, and environmental viability, and it is within this context that the present work is structured, presenting, through a robust and current literature review, the topic in a multidisciplinary manner, starting with the interconnection between the evolution of modern humans and environmental issues, passing through the physical-chemical processes involved in the production, storage, and transportation of the fuel of the future, until reaching practical implementation: the Green Hydrogen Hub in Pec´em. In light of the foregoing, it was concluded that the inherent difficulties in the logistics chain of the new energy vector must be overcome within a few decades, leading to a reduction in operational costs and, consequently, widespread adoption of this emerging technology. Furthermore, the state of Cear´a plays a crucial role in realizing this perspective, having the opportunity to become a development hub in the field of renewable energies. Finally, it is hoped that this research will help disseminate the topic of energy transition at a time of increasing environmental crisis, thus contributing to raising the level of ecological awareness in contemporary society.