Implantação de eólicas offshore e o direito ao território: possíveis impactos socioambientais em comunidades tradicionais da zona costeira cearense

Abstract

Viewed as a strong investment for the reduction of Greenhouse Gases and for compliance with the Paris Agreement and the goals of the Kyoto Protocol, offshore wind farms have gained great national support and several projects have already been designed for the Brazilian coastal zone. In total, there are around 88 requests for environmental licensing required at IBAMA, with around 26 of these projects just for the state of Ceará. Despite being considered an advance towards decarbonization and energy transition, some situations have been considered as potential socio-environmental impacts of these projects, causing several discussions. One of these situations would be precisely the possible damage to the right to the territory of traditional communities in the coastal zone, which have already been facing several socio-environmental conflicts due to other projects and which could see this situation worsen with the implementation of offshore wind farms. In view of this situation, the main objective of this work is to address the possible socio-environmental impacts that the 324 communities in the coastal zone of Ceará could suffer, if their right to territory, which covers both land and sea, is not respected. For this, a methodology with a qualitative approach was used, carrying out bibliographical research on the subject, consulting mappings related to the coastal zone and the implementation of offshore wind farms, in addition to analyzing standards relating to the topic researched and also observing some socio-environmental conflicts in one of the traditional communities of Ceará to understand the reality already experienced in these territories. Through this, the need was visualized that, before the implementation of offshore wind farms, the various aspects that could cause harm to the population of Ceará must be observed by carrying out more in-depth studies on the subject, guaranteeing the right to free consultation , prior and informed by traditional communities, brought in Convention 169 of the ILO, and also popular participation in the development of instruments such as Social Cartography and Maritime Spatial Planning, as a way of making traditional territory visible and ensuring a fair, democratic and inclusive energy transition .