O papel do adulto de referência na construção da autonomia de bebês e de crianças bem pequenas: contribuições da Abordagem Pikler

Abstract

This work presents studies and reflections on the role of the reference adult in the development of autonomy in babies and very young children, highlighting the contributions of the Pikler Approach in this process. This approach prioritizes the valorization of the autonomous activities of the baby and child, the preservation of their integrity and recommends the humanization of care for them, in which the adult must be the voice that plays, the hand that asks, the time that does not end and treat it calmly. The general objective of the study is to understand the contributions of the Pikler Approach in promoting the autonomy of babies and very young children and, specifically, it aims to understand the processes through which children aged zero to three go through in building their autonomy, as well as discussing pedagogical practices in a daycare context with a view to developing the autonomy of babies and very young children. For this, we used a work by Emmi Pikler (1984), as well as research by her collaborators Falk (2016) and Tardos (2008), as well as investigations by scholars of this approach, such as Fochi (2015), Soares (2020), Kálló and Balog (2021), among other authors. Regarding methodological aspects, the research has a qualitative approach, being of a bibliographical type, and an analysis of a documentary called “Dos 3 aos 3”, which is inspired by Piklerian ideas, was also carried out. The research allowed us to conclude that the reference adult is essential in the construction of the autonomy of babies and very young children, as a mediator, who must facilitate this process by providing a safe environment, free play, a relationship of mutual trust, the construction of bonds affective aspects, the valorization of the autonomous activities of the baby and child and the possibility of them being active subjects in their actions.