Uma análise da Física Moderna e Contemporânea no Ensino Médio: Marco histórico, diretrizes normativas e perspectiva prática

Abstract

This research's main objective is to analyze modern and contemporary physics in high school, understanding the historical framework, normative guidelines and practical perspective. In this sense, this research has the following specific objectives: a) address the historical milestone of Physics teaching in Brazil, addressing the main normative instruments that guide the teaching of Physics and its evolution to the current reality; b) understand the study of modern and contemporary physics in high school, presenting the role of the PCN as a guide for this teaching; c) explore ENEM questions on modern physics asked between 2012 and 2022. The methodology used in the research is a qualitative, bibliographic and documentary approach to the problem, using theoretical results and a descriptive objective. An analysis is carried out by comparing theoretical elements with practical data presented in graphs. In summary, the comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Physics teaching in Brazil, from the end of the 19th century to contemporary challenges, highlights the historical importance of Colégio de Pedro II and the creation of SBPC in promoting school science. The evaluation of normative instruments, such as the LDB and BNCC, highlights the complexity of the Brazilian educational scenario and the search for improvements. The PNLD exam highlights the need to update textbooks, especially in relation to Modern and Contemporary Physics. Research on teachers' social representations and criticism of ENEM reveal gaps in the approach to essential themes, such as FMC, in national assessments. Given these considerations, the urgency for reformulations in Physics teaching is reinforced, with an emphasis on overcoming challenges, valuing teachers and preparing students for contemporary scenarios, aiming for an education that is more aligned with the demands of today's society.