Caracterização dos procedimentos executivos e das possíveis manifestações patológicas em pisos cerâmicos de obras de pequeno porte

Abstract

Ceramic floor coverings are widely used in civil construction due to their aesthetic characteristics, durability and ease of cleaning. They present a wide variety of formats, sizes, colors and textures, which allows their application in different environments. However, the occurrence of pathological manifestations on the floor is common, caused by design errors, poor quality or inadequacy of materials, unskilled labor, lack of proper maintenance, among others. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a study of the influence of executive procedures in small construction companies on the possible appearance of pathological manifestations in ceramic floor coverings. The study is based on a survey of data obtained through case studies in three works carried out by Micro and Small Companies (MSEs) in the city of Crateús, CE. The constructions are for a commercial renovation and two constructions of single-family residences. The investigation was carried out through visits with nonparticipant observation and the application of questionnaires with the companies responsible for the works. Information was collected on the characteristics of the companies, the materials used and the executive procedures adopted in each work. These data were compared with the normative guidelines and with the available literature, in order to identify possible nonconformities and evaluate the impact of these practices on the results obtained. Through this comparative analysis, it was possible to obtain a complete overview of the executive procedures adopted in the works under study and to evaluate compliance with normative and literature recommendations. This investigation made it possible to identify possible gaps and flaws in the executive processes, which may contribute to the emergence of pathological manifestations in ceramic floor coverings. The main nonconformities identified are: lack of specialization of workers; inappropriate use of spacers; coefficient of friction of the plates in non-compliance with use; failure to comply with the waiting time of industrialized mortars and the curing time; inadequacy of the procedures for cleaning the back of the slabs and inadequate method of formation of cords in the mortar. Finally, based on the results obtained, conclusions and suggestions for future work are presented, aiming to improve executive procedures and minimize pathological manifestations in ceramic floor coverings.