Uma análise do uso da terra nos municípios cearenses

Abstract

This thesis is composed of three articles. The first, entitled “Evolution of land use dynamics between 1985 and 2019 in the state of Ceará” analyzed the dynamics of land use in Ceará in the period from 1985 to 2019. intervals of 5 years, comparing them using 30 m pixel scale maps, covering the entire territory of Ceará. The results obtained showed that Ceará suffered a large reduction in forests (natural and planted) mainly in the years 1985, 2000 and 2019 and a gradual increase in the areas occupied by agriculture in the same period. The expansion of land use and occupation was observed in the state, decreasing the vegetation regions from 2000 onwards, confirming the expansion of the transition from vegetation cover to anthropic land use focused on agriculture. In the second article “Drought analysis and its impacts on land use in Ceará from 2012 to 2017” the objective was to verify the existence of a relationship between land use and drought periods and in Ceará, as well as to analyze the impacts socioeconomic and environmental aspects of the recent drought that occurred between 2012 and 2017. The work was developed in a reflective-descriptive perspective from the bibliographic survey and data extracted from the MapBiomas Project and IPECE. It was observed that the drought affected agricultural activities in the state, causing oscillation and loss in productivity. It was concluded that when comparing land use data from before, during and after the drought period, it is noted that the impact of water scarcity in the region considerably affects the pattern of use in which the soil is used. And that is not reflected in the rapid decrease in production, but in the insufficiency of adequate land use during the low rainfall season, aggravating its impoverishment, with socioeconomic consequences for the population. The use of land for agricultural purposes, despite the climatic vulnerability of the region, has been growing continuously in Ceará with socioeconomic and environmental implications. Because it is a risky activity, agriculture demands public interventions to achieve its efficiency and become attractive, from this perspective in article three, entitled "The relationship between agricultural land use and agricultural management in Ceará's municipalities" sought to to analyze if the municipal management of agriculture can interfere in the behavior of land use in the municipalities of Ceará. Data extracted from the Municipal Basic Information Survey (MUNIC), year 2020, published by IBGE and the MapBiomas Project were used. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient). It was observed that 78% of the municipalities in Ceará have some type of agricultural management activity. The results show the heterogeneity between the municipalities of Ceará regarding the adoption of strategies aimed at the basic maintenance of agricultural activities, with significant differences between the municipalities regarding the treatment given to agriculture by local management. It was found, through Pearson's correlation, that there is no relationship between municipal management of agriculture and the pattern of land use for agricultural purposes. Finally, it becomes evident that the management of agriculture in the municipalities of Ceará cannot influence changes in the use of land destined for agriculture. This result is worrying in different ways. More directly, it can be seen that the measures implemented (and the expenses associated with them) are not very effective in terms of incorporating new areas into agriculture. Indirectly, this means that the municipality has no influence on the pattern of agricultural land use, which is a limiting factor in containing the environmental impacts caused by the activity in Ceará's municipalities.