A manifestação da volitividade nas homilias do Papa Francisco em língua espanhola

Abstract

This research aims to describe and analyze the manifestation of Volitivity with regard to the elements of convergence and divergence in the establishment of deontic and volitive modalities, considering the behavior of the element of desire when influencing the Formulation operation (Interpersonal Level and Representational Level) and Coding operation (Morphosyntactic Level) in the Grammatical Component according to the Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). The choice for FDG is due to the fact that the theoretical model allows the integration of pragmatics, semantics and morphosyntactics levels, as well as the recognition of language instances that are superior to prayer and the structuring of the Grammatical Component in levels and layers, thus taking as the basic unit of analysis the Discursive Act whether it is morphosyntactically greater or less than a sentence. Based on this, it is possible to make a more specific characterization of the linguistic means used by the speaker in the manifestation of Volitivity. To this end, 30 homilies were selected and delivered by Pope Francis on his apostolic journeys to countries whose official language is Spanish or of strong Hispanic concentration, namely: United States, Cuba, Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Panama. From the reading of these homilies, deontic and volitive modal markers were identified, being described and analyzed, qualitatively, based on the theoretical framework of the FDG and in works related to deontic and volitive modalities. For the quantitative analysis, the computer program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to verify the frequency and the interrelationship between the categories of analysis. After analyzing the occurrences, it was found that, in the expression of Volitivity, the deontic and volitive modalities, when operating in the layers of the Representational Level, generally converge in relation to the type of Illocution, the speaker's position in the incidence of the modal value, the controllability of the State-of-Affairs, the dynamism of the State-of-Affairs, the temporal reference about the event, the subject's semantic features, the type of State-of-Affairs that integrates the modalized statement, the type of Linguistic Expression of the modal, to the grammatical person of the subject of the modal, to the morphosyntactic marking of the verbal verb of the modal, to the morphosyntactic marking of the modal verbal way and to the ways in which the modal are combined in the modalized statement. With regard to the divergence aspects, the deontic and volitive modalities differ in relation to the modal values, the nature of the modalized statement and the modal qualification, because both modal subtypes differ, in the expression of Volitivity, in what it says respect to the axis of modal action, respectively that of conduct (duty axis) and that of volition (will axis), the type of source of volitional ordering and the volitional attitude of the speaker, in which the deontic modality is a volitional imposition, while the volitive modality is a volitional act.