Educação para o trabalho ou para a formação humana: a proposta educacional do capital para trabalhadores jovens materializada no Projovem.

Abstract

The present thesis aims to analyze, in the light of ontological Marxism, the distinction between the education for work of the Bourgeois State, as spelled out in the “Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens: Educação, Qualificação e Ação Comunitária - ProJovem - Urbano” (National Program for Youth Inclusion: Education, Qualification and Community Action) and the education for human formation. The selection of the above mentionned Program was not arbitrary, but based on the fact that, among other programs directed to youth education for work, ProJovem represents one of the most multifaceted and revealing actions of the Bourgeois State in favor of the capital. In this context the following question arises: from an ontological perspective, what is the distinction between education for work and education for humane formation? Under the current circumstances, it is necessary to critically analyze the State action as it refers to education, to reveal the essence of the capital’s educational project addressed to the poor and unemployed youth which is said to be in a condition of vulnerability. The method chosen to trail this research is of an ontological and socio-historical nature, aiming to capture the essence of the subject, and, thus, explore the limits imposed by the capital to the formation of the working class. The research is developed through bibliographical review and documental analysis. In terms of the bibliographical research, we attempt to apprehend the ontological nature of the relation between labour, education and human formation in accordance with Marx (2007, 2013, 2015) and Lukács (2013); retrieving, with the support of Ponce, Pistrak and Saviani, some important elements related to the history of education in the context of class societies; and, finally, approaching the question of education for work in the Bourgeois State, from the point of view of Marx and Mészáros. As for the documental research, we developed a critical analysis of the educational ideology expressed in the Global Monitoring Report on Learning and Education for Adults (UNESCO, 2010) and the objectives of the ProJovem Program. We conclude that the capital’s project of education, executed by the Bourgeois State, for the working class distance ourselves ever more from the possibilities of choice for the development of an educational process in the perspective of human formation. The capital’s solution – in a time of structural crisis and structural unemployment – for countries with a huge number of poor youngsters, is not only to educate the labour force to be sold to the capitalist, but also to prepare for the individual entrepreneurship, inducing the conformation with unemployment and submission to the underemployment in the informal market.