Comunicação ativa na leitura e interpretação de situações problemas envolvendo figuras geométricas planas para crianças cegas

Abstract

This dissertation is the result of a joint work of two researchers belonging to the same research group in adaptations in mathematics: one with a degree in Mathematics, and the other with a specialization in psychopedagogy and graduation in Literature. Both researchers followed two blind children during a period of one year, between March 2016 and March 2017, with the initial motivation to analyze the solutions of some Mathematical Matters, with engravings, of the Military College of Fortaleza (CMF) ). It is justified the choice of the CMF exam because of the degree of difficulty of the questions, used as a parameter by the researchers for purposes other than the study discussed here. The mathematics teacher acts in the analysis of the solution of proposed problems. The researcher investigates the ways blind children read and interpret, with adaptation of the figures / images of the questions to Braille, observing if the communication is being active. On the other hand, aiming a learning of contents in a more objective way, the subjects flat geometric figures, measures of length, surface and volume are observed, in front of texts that encompass mathematical contexts. In fact, they are contents that the children study in the academic year in the school where they are included. The teacher of the regular school was asked to elaborate questions to carry out a test of learning, because if children are included, they have rights and duties, as students, identical to the others. Therefore, as a general objective, this dissertation aims to analyze the difficulties encountered by blind students in Mathematics, in the sixth year of elementary school, included in a regular school, in relation to reading and interpretation of problem situations, Of the angle of vision (of the observation) of the researcher with formation in Letters. It uses, as methodology, the work of Van Hiele (1985) adapted by Brandão (2010) and perfected by Lira and Brandão (2013). One of the main conclusions of this research is that it shows that one of the difficulties in solving problems involving geometric figures is in the way the statement of the questions is elaborated, being closely linked to the figures or drawings.