Entre a utilização instrumental e a educomunicação: uma análise dos usos da tv na educação a partir dos discursos de professores e gestores escolares

Abstract

The relation between television and formal scholar education is constantly featured by conflicts and ambiguities. According to Napolitano (2007) it‟s common to witness situations in which TV is used in schools as something utilitarian or playful. Inside school, the use of TV seems to acquire a stereotyped character, making people involved in teaching-learning process don‟t have participation in definition of activities that make use of television. Because of this TV becomes to be used in schools as something not democratic (SOARES, 2011). The main purpose of this research was analyze the speech of teachers and school managers about the use of TV in formal scholar education, also trying to understand what these professionals think about TV schedule and what are their experiences with television as something communicative. The study was realized in two public schools in Ceará (one in state‟s capital, Fortaleza, and the other one in Brejo Santo city), and were interviewed teachers from elementary school (1st to 5th grade), and school managers (principals and coordinators) from both schools. Individual interviews were realized with all participants, as discussion groups that presented to all participants an area called “Educomunication”, an academic area that‟s becoming popular in Brazil and works in a communicative and pedagogical vision with media. In these group discussions teachers could present their opinion about television and its use in classroom, their experience with TV schedule, their vision about Educomunication and how they thought this area could help their teaching practice. It was found that the use of TV by teachers was essentially utilitarian, and television worked as a tool to disseminate pedagogical contents. It was also verified that municipal education departments exerted great influence over teachers speech about TV and its use in school activities. It can be concluded that despite television had been used by teachers in both schools visited in this research, its use couldn‟t be considered something democratic, demonstrating a monological aspect of this use by teachers and school managers in both institutions that participated in this study.