Matriz de decisão para seleção de materiais aplicados em tanques de armazenamento de hidrogênio verde

Abstract

Green hydrogen has emerged as a promising energy carrier in the context of the transition toward low-carbon energy systems. However, one of the main challenges associated with its large-scale application is related to safe and efficient storage, particularly regarding the appropriate selection of materials used in the manufacturing of storage tanks, which must withstand high pressures, typically in the range of 200 to 700 bar. In this context, this study aims to develop a multicriteria decision matrix to support the selection of materials for Type I metallic tanks used in green hydrogen storage. The methodology is based on the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, which belongs to the family of compensatory multicriteria decision-making methods. Technical, economic, and environmental criteria were defined, namely: mechanical strength, density, resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion resistance, relative cost, and sustainability. The analyzed alternatives included austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L, aluminum alloy AA 6061, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, and low-alloy Cr–Mo steel (34CrMo4). Qualitative criteria were converted into numerical values using an ordinal scale, allowing their integration into the decision model. Subsequently, the data were normalized and weights were assigned based on technical judgment, considering the context of stationary storage. The results indicated austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L as the most suitable alternative among those evaluated, presenting the best balance between the selected criteria. It is concluded that the proposed multicriteria model does not replace an in-depth literature review but serves as a decision-support tool that strengthens the selection process by providing a structured, transparent, and consistent evaluation of materials for green hydrogen storage tanks.