Criação e validação de conteúdo de instrumento de avaliação do engajamento de crianças nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar

Abstract

The literature indicates that most instruments for assessing student engagement in Physical Education (PE) classes are self-report questionnaires, typically applied to older children. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate the content of an observational instrument to assess engagement among elementary school children, both with and without disabilities. The instrument was constructed in four stages: (i) development of the first version, (ii) pilot study, (iii) relevance analysis, and (iv) restructuring. Content validation, data analysis, and verification of reliability and trustworthiness were conducted by a panel of five expert judges. A pilot study was then carried out with 15 students, of both sexes, from two private schools in Fortaleza, Ceará. Results indicated that the criterion of Language Clarity generated the greatest divergence among expert judges, particularly within the behavioral dimension of engagement. In terms of student participation, 10 students demonstrated adequate active engagement, while 5 students scored between 2.2 and 2.4, suggesting the need for improvements. In conclusion, the instrument proved to be effective in assessing engagement in PE contexts and may support health and education professionals in monitoring children across diverse social environments, contributing to a better understanding of individual social participation, an essential component of child development.