Potencial químico-funcional para a valorização de melões perdidos no campo como frutos não comercializáveis

Abstract

The present study investigates the chemical-functional potential of typically discarded parts of melons, focusing on the seeds and placentas of Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naud), which accounted for an average of 5.8% of the fruit. Different seed oil extraction methods were tested, obtaining a maximum yield of 31.71% (w/w) using Soxhlet with hexane, although pressing and ethanol/water extraction are safer and more sustainable alternatives. The fatty acid composition of the oil was evaluated, revealing a higher concentration of linoleic acid (64.70–62.72%), followed by oleic acid (18.48–19.49%), in addition to the presence of palmitic (11.30–12.54%) and stearic acids (5.52–5.25%). The placenta and the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed exhibited a composition rich in sugars and various bioactive compounds, such as GABA and catechin. Antioxidant activity assays were also performed on the three samples, confirming a high potential, especially in the oil, along with significant levels of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The results revealed that these underutilized parts of the Cantaloupe melon have valuable properties and compositions for applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, potentially contributing to the annual reduction of thousands of tons of melons lost in the field and promoting circular economy and sustainability in the agro-industrial sector.