A ação estacionária como eixo unificador do ensino de Física no ensino médio

Abstract

This work aims to define an approach for the use of the principle of stationary action in high school education. The proposed methodology is capable of both introducing and consolidating concepts, depending on the level of the class in which it is applied, while also creating a unified view of different areas of physics. This work follows the extensive historical development of the principle of stationary action, guiding the reader through each unfolding that led to the principle as it is known today. It also explores the principle in a quantitative way, analyzing and developing all the necessary calculations to enhance understanding of each step. The methodology adopted in the didactic sequence consists of practical lessons, including experiments and simulations in all stages, with clear objectives and instructions that ensure the smooth implementation of the proposed teaching sequence. The didactic sequence uses simple language and does not involve any type of calculation unfamiliar to first-year high school students.