Avaliação dos impactos ambientais (AIA) das atividades urbanas e rurais no rio Parnaíba, em Teresina-PI: proposta de uma metodologia de AIA em ambientes fluviais

Abstract

Humans act on the environment, modifying it in different ways, causing environmental impacts and negatively affecting ecosystems due to the excessive and constant exploitation of natural resources. Among the ecosystems most affected by human activities, we can highlight the “riparian forests”, a type of Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), which protect the banks against erosion and the transport of soil to the bodies of water, preventing their silting and acting as filters, retaining pollutants and sediments that would otherwise be transported to the watercourse, directly affecting the quantity and quality of the water. In Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí, high levels of degradation of the Parnaíba River have been observed, mainly in its APPs. Thus, the main objective of this study is to propose a methodology for macroscopic assessment of environmental impacts on rivers, which can be used in mobile applications, based on data obtained in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) resulting from human activities (urban and rural) on the Parnaíba River. To meet the proposed objective, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out using the Leopoldo matrix, Macroscopic Assessment and Physical-Chemical Analysis of the water on the banks of the Parnaíba River. The results point to several environmental problems in the Parnaíba River, indicating that some parameters have values outside the limits established by law, CONAMA resolution, n° 357/2005, whose causes and consequences are discussed and analyzed. A specific methodology for rivers was developed (Methodology for Macroscopic Assessment of Environmental Impacts in Rivers - MAMIAR), which can also be adapted for mobile applications (with the creation of the Dr. Rio application), promoting an assessment and monitoring of environmental impacts in rivers in an easy, fast and accessible way for the general public.