Fatores que podem interferir na ocorrência de vaginites em gestantes com Diabetes mellitus: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by the inactivity or lack of production of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and is divided into Type 1, 2 and gestational. In this context, despite having treatment, it can be a risk factor for the development of diseases. During pregnancy, hyperglycemia can cause vaginitis, which is a vaginal inflammation that has various causes and impairs the quality of life of women. This study aims to map the risk factors for the development of vaginitis in pregnant women with DM in the literature. It is characterized as a narrative review, which was carried out from the selection of health descriptors related to the theme and combined with each other, the main ones being: <Pregnant women=, <Diabetes=, <Vaginitis=. The selected databases were: Medline, Pubmed, Ebsco, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Scielo. The search period took place in October 2024. A total of 2,182 publications from database searches were analyzed, but only 21 studies were included in the review according to the inclusion criteria. The risk factors for vaginitis identified were divided into clinical, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors. It was noted that the studies discussed clinical, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors, however, there was a prevalence of clinical factors: presence of DM, use of oral contraceptives, previous history of candidiasis, HIV infection, and use of antibiotics. Preventing vaginitis in pregnant women is important to prevent complications and ensure maternal and fetal health.