Geração fotovoltaica e novos modelos de negócios como facilitadores: uma revisão bibliométrica sobre o modelo P2P

Abstract

The current era, marked by a growing interest in the adoption of renewable energies, requires a detailed analysis of the driving forces and innovations that are reconfiguring the electricity sector. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, along with advances in communication and information technologies, has driven the successful expansion of various types of shared generation communities. The aim of this paper is to identify the facilitators, obstacles and rationales involved in adopting photovoltaic (PV) generation systems in multi-unit residential buildings in Brazil. It was done by means of a literature review, personal interviews and the application of a proprietary qualitative-quantitative research instrument, applied to different experts in the country. In addition, the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transaction model, identified as a possible facilitator for implementation, was the subject of a bibliometric review in order to determine future areas of research. The applied research addressed seven propositions, covering a wide range of topics: the implications of the monopoly of energy distributors on the adoption of PV systems, the potential of carbon markets, the impact of fiscal incentives such as income tax rebates, the use of FGTS (Fund for Guaranteed Time of Service) and financing options such as leasing, the role of social influences and the commercialization of surplus energy. As a result, the majority of participants agreed with the propositions raised. In the context of bibliometrics, the articles were categorized into four groups according to their similar approaches: analysis of business models; impacts of P2P energy trading; applications, challenges and opportunities; and technologies used in P2P model. From the analysis and studies, it is clear that support for the adoption of PV systems and new business models, especially P2P, is a key element for a fairer, more democratic and sustainable energy future.