As experiências educacionais no contexto da transição da educação infantil para o ensino fundamental numa escola municipal de Fortaleza na perspectiva dos diversos segmentos da comunidade escolar

Abstract

The present research intended to analyze how the strategies of curricular articulation used in a Fortaleza's municipal public school, in the last year of Early Childhood Education, which aim to give continuity to the development of a child in his transition to the first year of Basic Education, get materialized, considering the perspectives of the several segments of school community about this process. In Brazil, the moments of school transition stand out from the changes in the organization of Early Childhood Education, such as the extension of Basic School period, from eight to nine years, and the increasing in the required period of scholarity, from nine to fourteen years. The child's transition from Early Childhood Education to Basic Education is a delicate step in his school path, and may result in negative consequences to the individuals' development and learning (LERNER, 1996 apud FORMOSINHO, ARAÚJO, 2004). Therefore, this transition is a process that requires the planning of actions that can articulate the curricular models, as well as a reassessment about the teacher's pedagogic practice in relation to children (ZABALZA, 2007). This is a qualitative ethnographic research developed by the study of the case (BOGDAN, BIKLEN, 1994) of a class belonging to the last year of Early Childhood Education. For construction of the data, observations were made in order to get to know the current curriculum in this moment of transition, and interviews were conducted with the three segments of subjects (school staff, families and children) in order to assimilate their perspectives about the phenomenon. The research's data were analyzed in light of Developmental Psychology (WALLON, 1971, 2007) and the prospects of Formosinho (1998, 2008) and Zabalza (1998, 2007). The results show that the educational experiences of children in the Vida de Criança School mainly focus on reading and writing activities, for which most of the time is destined. As a result of this priority, the jokes, the interactions, the participation of children and the activities involving other areas of knowledge, such as natural sciences and art, acquire little relevance in the school context. Thus, the analysis made of the pedagogical practices leads to the objective of adequately preparing Early Childhood Education, in order to prevent school failure in Basic Education by the anticipation of writing practice, taking into consideration that it is a restricted view of the process itself of children's literacy.