Descrição de alguns fatores responsáveis pela geração de energia eólica: regime dos ventos, energia dos ventos, aerogerador e pás

Abstract

The growing advance in the change of the energy matrix around the world has brought wind energy as one of the main means of this transformation. Wind energy, for being present all over the world both on firm land and sea, is gaining space and market to be one of the best options in energy generation. In the search for the use of this energy some factors such as wind formation, wind regime, wind potential energy, wind turbine and blades are important to make its use viable. This paper aims to describe each of these factors briefly, bringing relevant key points for the choice of possible locations for the installation of wind farms, describe the mathematical model used to find the equation of potential wind energy, highlight the current scenario in Brazil regarding the use of wind energy, describe the main components of a wind turbine, explain how a wind blade is produced and the main manufacturing defects found in them in the field. For the description of the main defects found in wind farms we used a database provided by a company that audits wind blades before they are mounted on towers and even after years of operation. Data from 13 wind farms scattered around Brazil were evaluated. In all, more than 17300 defects in more than 1400 blades were evaluated. The five most frequent defects found in wind turbine blades in wind farms were identified. In addition, we also identified the most frequent defects with the potential to cause a collapse of the towers due to flaws in the blade manufacturing.