Prevalência e fatores determinantes associados à periodontite em mulheres privadas de liberdade no Brasil

Abstract

Periodontitis is defined as a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilm and characterized by progressive bone destruction of dental attachment. Clinically, periodontitis is characterized by host-mediated inflammation that results in loss of periodontal attachment. Clinical detection of this disease occurs through a model 621 periodontal probe determined by the World Health Organization with reference to the cementenamel junction around the tooth surfaces. Several systemic disorders directly influence the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, among these conditions, we can mention diabetes mellitus, obesity, osteoporosis, arthritis (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis), emotional stress,depression, smoking (nicotine dependence) and medication use. Oral health care prevents the development and reduces the aggravation of periodontal diseases and their possible sequelae, such as partial or total loss of teeth. Oral health in the prison system has been presented in a precarious way, possibly due to the lack of care prior to deprivation of liberty and due to difficulties in accessing or scarcity of dental services provided in the prison environment. The general objective of the present study was to characterize the prevalence and determining factors associated with periodontitis among Brazilian women deprived of their liberty, in 2015. This research is cross-sectional, nationwide, and was part of the project entitled: “National Survey of Health in the female penitentiary population and prison servants”. For the evaluation of periodontitis, the Community Periodontal Index and the Periodontal Attachment Loss Index were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Stata® version 16.0 software. The analysis of the association of periodontitis with socioeconomic, epidemiological, behavioral variables and risk factors was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test, considering a significance level of 5%. Among the 808 women, 744 (92.1%) underwent periodontal examination. Of these, 282 (43.1%) were diagnosed with periodontitis. In the bivariate analysis of the association of the studied variables with the presence or absence of periodontitis, the p value was statistically significant (p <0.05): age over 30 years; black or brown race; sexually transmitted infections; cigarette use; excessive use of alcohol and consumption of foods high in sugar. The data collected demonstrated the need to implement and implement existing policies for this population that faces difficulties with regard to the scarcity and precariousness of health services offered by the Brazilian prison system.