Análise de manifestações patológicas em sistemas de vedação vertical interno e externo (SVVIE) em alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos em edificações de pequeno porte: um estudo de caso na cidade de Crateús-CE

Abstract

The technological and scientific progress in building construction has allowed the use of innovative civil construction systems and materials, however, the sealing masonry of ceramic blocks is still one of the main construction systems used in Brazil, mainly in small buildings. In that context, there was an growth in the number of buildings with problems that denote different problems, due to the presence of pathological manifestations, signaling that their performance is declining and their useful life is compromised. Thus, the present work presents a study of the pathological manifestations observed in masonry walls of ceramic blocks in three small buildings in the city of Crateús. The buildings are located at different distances and reliefs in relation to the river that cuts through the city (Rio Poty). The investigation was carried out through a technical visit and data collection at the site, using a methodology that allowed to direct the various stages of the work, ranging from the selection of buildings to the survey of history (anamnesis), inspection, diagnosis and preventive measures. Several pathological manifestations have been cataloged, namely: vertical crack (masonry and structure encounter), powder detachment, fungi in the coating, ceramic block disintegration, blistering of the coating, mapped cracks, black spots in the coating, vertical cracks (caused by repression) , spots of moisture and efflorescence. After the survey of pathological manifestations, guidelines to prevent were proposed for each one. Finally, it can be considered that the appearance of pathological manifestations in the studied buildings is due to failures or absence of design, the execution and a possible low quality of the ceramic blocks and aggregates used in the mortar of the coverings.