Construção e validação de inquérito sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática de cuidadores em relação à saúde bucal de crianças até 36 meses

Abstract

The study had as its purpose to construct and validate a KAP survey model (knowledge, attitude and practice) meant for caregivers, users of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), about the oral health of children up to 36 months. For this, a methodological research was developed, with quantitative approach, and carried out from May to June 2019, through three stages: bibliographic survey; elaboration of the KAP survey for caregivers and content validation. It was selected, through snowball sampling and meeting at least two Jasper criteria, 29 judges, who evaluated the content of the initial version of the instrument for the criteria of language clarity and theoretical relevance. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under opinion: 3.172.979. From the first stage of the study, eight thematic categories emerged, from which the 37 items of the initial version of the survey were developed. Although the global CVI values in relation to the clarity and relevance criteria were 91,5% and 95,4%, respectively, three questions had to be reformulated because they had I-CVI values below 80%. The results of the Finn and Gwet-AC1 coefficients, in turn, indicated that statistically, the experts produced concordant results in their evaluations. Regarding the 163 suggestions made by the judges, each comment was carefully read and accepted or not, based on the current literature, with the intention of perfecting the instrument. The final version of the KAP survey had 10 questions in the knowledge domain, 10 in the attitude domain and 19 in the practice domain, totaling 39 questions that involved the following issues: caries, diet, oral hygiene, fluoride, breastfeeding, contact nipples, milk teeth and the need to take the baby to the dentist. In the end, it was found that the content validity of the KAP survey consisted in the first step towards an instrument that will support the development of educational strategies and oral health promotion within the FHS, contributing to a better quality of life for babies in their first thousand days and their families.