Os modelos de comunicação para projetos de TI: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Many software development companies are performing their business tasks using projectbased approaches. These approaches bring project management practices that include management of knowledge areas, which enable project efficiency and productivity to be improved. One such area of expertise is communication management, which ensures that project information is generated, collected, distributed, stored, retrieved, and organized in a timely and appropriate manner. There are studies that reveal that communication management is considered as one of the critical success factors (FCSs) in project management, so the success of project management within an organization is highly dependent on a communication style. Even with studies showing that 74% of problems in distributed IT projects are caused by communication and contacts, another study points out that 66.3% of frequent project problems are caused by communication, or others showing the crucial importance for the project. The success of a project, the communication process and its practices formalized in the company's project management guides or standards are not followed or prioritized by project managers. Understanding communication in IT projects enables the project manager to identify who is involved, what factors affect communication, how stakeholders are interpreting messages or information, and whether information is being direct and effective. For this, communication models were developed that explain communication processes and how they occur to try to minimize the complexity of communication in projects. Each model brings the crucial elements of the communication process, such as the participants, where the information is transmitted and how it is interpreted. Based on these questions, this paper seeks to present communication models showing the elements of the communication process. This process occurred through a systematic literature review in which a working set of 478 was identified, which through a filtering process was reduced to 9 final works, which were used for information extraction. As a result, communication models, their advantages and disadvantages as well as their components were identified.