A influência da produtividade primária e fatores abióticos na produção pesqueira artesanal desembarcada no Mucuripe, Ceará

Abstract

The neritic zone has the greatest diversity and biomass of fish. Due to its ecological importance, obtaining ichthyofauna data is fundamental for understanding the ecosystem. In addition, there are several environmental parameters that have a direct influence on it. This research aimed to characterize artisanal fishery production, focusing on pelagic species and correlating them with biotic (e.g. chlorophyll) and abiotic factors (e.g. sea surface temperature, salinity, wind speed and rainfall). The sampling site was Mucuripe Beach (Fortaleza, Ceará), where bimonthly samplings were performed between May/17 and April/18. While the specimens were identified, measured and weighed, questionnaires were applied addressing the main characteristics of the activity. Satellite data for 2017 and 2018 for sea surface temperature (TSM), chlorophyll, salinity and wind speed were obtained. We considered 33 landings that targeted the pelagic species. 4,500 specimens were recorded, corresponding to three families and 10 species. The species with the highest abundance and biomass was the Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), with 53.74% and 48.75%, respectively. The fishing area popularly known as the Mucuripe sea had the highest species richness and abundance compared to the other sampled areas in Paracuru, Aquiraz and Iguape. This may have been due not only to the actions of environmental factors, but also to the possible higher sampling effort in Mucuripe. Species richness showed significant difference between dry and rainy season. The species Caranx crysos was the only one that showed difference in CPUE between dry and rainy period. There was a significant variation in abundance between fishing and fishing areas. As for the biophysical data it was possible to detect variations between the values of historical averages and climatology. The biotic and abiotic factors showed a good correlation, and significant with the unit effort capture (CPUE) of the species S. brasiliensis and S. cavalla. Therefore, it can be inferred that these parameters act by increasing or reducing the productivity of fisheries and should be considered for future estimates of fishing prognoses. However, it is noteworthy that some species are more sensitive to these variations than others.