Governos (IN)visíveis e jornalismo mediador no Ceará: análise do uso de ferramentas de transparência pública como fontes de informação jornalística

Abstract

This work aims to evaluate how the reporters of the regional / local reference newspapers (MOLINA, 2007; SOUSA 2005) in Ceará – O Povo and Diário do Nordeste – incorporate in the productive routines (TUCHMAN, 1972, 1999a, 2000; 2005; 2008) the use of transparency tools in the production of news. Journalism, in this work, is conceived in a normative perspective as a mediator in democracies (MIGUEL, 2004; ROTHBERG, 2005; BLUMLER; GUREVITCH, 1990), acting in the significance of transparency with the civil sphere and providing, among others, informative inputs contextualized to generate understanding and follow-up on the actions of the political sphere. The analysis, based on the perspective revealed by the reporters, investigates this incorporation from four dimensions: (a) nature of the tools, (b) systematization of use, (c) quality of use and (d) perception of impacts of use. The investigation of journalistic practices in the northeastern scenario connected to the realization of the democratic value of transparency takes place in the light of the structural changes underway in journalism (CHARRON; BONVILLE, 2016; PEREIRA; ADGHIRNI, 2011) and changes in the field of political visibility (THOMPSON, 2008). In order to perform this quantitative-qualitative approach, we adopted a mixed methodology, including bibliographic research, data collection – through a questionnaire (VIEIRA, 2009) – and indepth interviews (DUARTE, 2008). The research has as a temporal cut the period of 2017 and 2018. The findings show the high frequency of use of these tools is concentrated in a group of reporters (21.6%) of the two newsroom investigated. Another result is that the use of the tools is concentrated in a certain nature – monitoring actions and actions of the Executive Branch – and this is reflected in the incorporation of the official government journal as the main source among other devices. Evidence also shows that the way this news is presented is committed to the guarantee of democratic quality, with specific attention to requirements such as: deepening, contextualization and participation of specialists. However, the impact of these reports, according to the journalists' perception, is still contingent on the political and civil spheres.