A questão da categoria da totalidade em história e consciência de classe e a ontologia do ser social de Györg Lukács: dialética marxista, conhecimento científico e formação humana

Abstract

In History and Class Consciousness and the Ontology of Social Being, major works of study of the Marxist dialectic of Györg Lukács (1885-1971), the category of totality assumes a central methodological position as a constitutive principle of the dialectical method. However, the Hungarian Marxist philosopher makes a progressive passage, in regard to the theoretical-methodological foundation of this category from one work to another. In History and Class Consciousness, the category of totality entails a double methodological determination, in the sense that it assumes a logical-ontological, abstract-concrete basis having as its predominant moment the cognoscent subject (in this case, the identical subject-object proletariat of reality , therefore, a product of thought, a point of view) marked by a strong Hegelian influence. This is our theoretical justification for attempting to explain this double determination of the category of totality in the 1923 book. Lukacs had not critically appropriated Hegel to overcome it (keeping) and continually advancing an adequate foundation of Marx's dialectical method , that is, on its ontological, materialist foundation. In this sense, when Lukacs in Ontology conceives of totality as an ontological category, a determination of the historical-social objective world, and no longer as a determination of the knowing subject (the identical object-object proletariat of concrete-historical reality) methodological with a strong idealist inclination, that is, a logical-ontological mental representation, he in fact progressively advances towards his ultimate work, to fully explicate the category of totality on ontological, materialist grounds. Therefore, it is only in Ontology that the critical overcoming of the doubly determined character of logical-ontological foundation and subjectivated preponderance of the category of totality in History and class consciousness is fully consolidated. Thus, the decisive point to demarcate the progressive passage of the category of totality from History and class consciousness towards the ontology of the social being is the question of the appropriate methodological treatment of the category of totality, that is, a progressive advance of a logical-ontological totality for a properly ontological, objective, material totality. In fact, this process of advancement within Marxist dialectics will represent a decisive scientific foundation for human formation with a view to conferring on the working class as the theoretical and methodological tool necessary to correctly understand the intrinsic problems of capitalist society and its consequent revolutionary transformation.