Uma análise da aplicação da legislação de resíduos sólidos da cidade de Fortaleza

Abstract

It is undeniable that the environmental theme has its importance year after year in the global sphere. One of the elements that make up the environment is solid waste. In the city of Fortaleza, solid waste management is regulated by Municipal Law nº 8.408, dated December 24, 1999, as amended by Municipal Law nº 10.340, of April 28, 2015. Questions began to arise when important components present in the law in question, such as the characterization of large generators of solid waste and the treatment provided to health care waste. Through these inquiries, this study aims to demonstrate that there are excesses and failures in this solid waste law that end up penalizing the strongest taxpayers due to their greater rigor. In order to investigate these possible inadequacies contained in the legislation under study, a comparative analysis of this law was made with the solid waste legislation of the municipalities of Curitiba and São Paulo, as well as of the Urban Cleaning Sustainability Index, ISLU, which measures the adequacy of the municipalities in relation to the determinations contained in the National Solid Waste Policy. The difference obtained between the definitions contained in these laws shows that the existing limits of solid waste to be used for public collection are lower in Fortaleza. Nevertheless, it is understood that, in this municipality, there is no distinction between establishments regarding the degree of environmental impact that can be generated by health service waste, unlike what occurs in São Paulo, where there is a scale of values for the rate of collection of this type of waste according to the quantity produced by the activity. This study demonstrates that, even with more rigorous criteria regarding solid waste management, the municipality of Fortaleza does not present better results regarding urban cleaning when compared to the municipalities of Curitiba and São Paulo.