Desenvolvimento de uma Metodologia de Glazeamento para Massa Congeladas Tipo Forma

Abstract

The glazing technique is used in bakery products and confectionery, in order to promote the improvement of the external characteristics of the product. The objective of this study was to develop composite glazing solutions of unconventional raw materials like vegetable oils, powdered vegetables and by-products of fruit processing through statistical tool Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) and study the process of getting the bread through the frozen dough technology evaluating the effect of storage for 60 days in the quality of breads parameters. The glaze solutions containing vegetable oils are: cottonseed oil/water, canola oil/water, sunflower oil/water; corn oil/water and soy oil/water. The glaze solutions containing powdered vegetables were broccoli powder/water; Spinach powder/water; palmito powder/water and tomato powder/water. The glazing solutions containing fruit processing by-products were byproduct of pineapple/pineapple pulp; byproduct of cashew/pulp cashew; Guava byproduct/guava pulp and byproduct mango/mango pulp. Each of these solutions was developed through a CCRD total of 11 samples with three replications at the center point. The applied statistical methodology consisted of descriptive data analysis, normality tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric, average Tukey test, multiple regression analysis, correlation analysis and response surfaces, we used these tests to check the effect of different glazing solutions on the quality of physical parameters - specific volume, density, expansion factor of the dough, expansion index of breads, volume produced during fermentation, number and circularity of alveoli - to establish the conditions great to hold each of the study with frozen dough. The effects of frozen storage time (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) were evaluated by the aforementioned parameters, and the total water content of the dough, acidity and pH. For solutions containing vegetable oils and water has been found that the greater volume was obtained by cotton seed oil and water solution with 4.23 mL/ g, followed by the solution of corn oil/water (4.03 mL/g) This result is related to the lower viscosity of these oils, attributing to non-formation of outer film to the dough and does not impair the heat and mass transfer during fermentation and baking. The expansion ratio was greater than 2.00 for all solutions except those consisting of canola oil/water and sunflower oil/water. With respect to solutions containing vegetable powder and water, it was observed that the specific volumes generally were higher than those obtained by the added oil solutions. In this case, the vegetable powder can provide micronutrients for the yeast and improve the fermentation process, results related to the higher number of wells shown (above 1000 for all vegetables except palmito) therefore presents brains with good porosity. It was found that the glazing solutions containing by-products and fruit pulp promoted, generally smaller specific volumes for the loaves, where no test showed values above 4.00 mL/g, this result may be related to the pH acid fruits and the presence of proteolytic enzymes that can damage the gluten structure and, consequently, reduce the gas retaining capacity, or impair the activity of the yeast. Therefore, before the results, we selected two glazing solutions for each treatment, totaling 26 glazing solutions to be used in frozen dough for up to 60 days and evaluate its potential as a quality preserving agent. Through the response surface and mathematical models generated it was possible to select two glazing solutions for each treatment, totaling 26 solutions that were used in frozen dough for up to 60 days, which was evaluated its potential as a quality preserving agent. It was found that frozen storage of the dough reduced the specific volume, expansion index, expansion factor pH, moisture and volume produced. However, the glazing solutions generally have promoted the reduction in the quality descréscimo over storage time, when compared to mass control, absent the application of glazing solutions. Application of glazing solutions frozen dough for producing bread-like form thus consists of a technology that can be used in industrial processes as it has demonstrated its effectiveness in maintaining the quality of the pasta after 60 days of frozen storage, in addition to contribute to improving the nutritional quality of products.