Engorda de juvenis recentes da lagosta espinhosa panulirus laevicauda (latreille, 1817) alimentados com ração comercial para camarão marinho e os moluscos mytella falcata e perna perna, em condições de laboratório

Abstract

The spiny lobster represents an important economic fisheries resource in Ceara State, contributing to the generation of profitable activity and employment. Due to the exploitative and destructive fishing practices, along with the degradation of the natural habitat from pollution and human activity, a precipitous decline in the wild populations has occurred. This activity had begun by 1950s. Since then, different types of vessel and gears were used to catches of this resource. However, with the catches of this crustacean and the growing market demand, as a consequence, decrease natural stock. At present, this activity have had a strong decrease and one of the few ways to expand production is through aquaculture or culture of these species in captivity. In view of this decline, the objective of the present study is to analyze the development of early juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus laevicauda fed on molluscs Perna perna, Mytella falcata and commercial marine shrimp ration + Artemia sp. biomass, in laboratory condition. This experiment was carried out in the Aquaculture Technology Center, Federal University of Ceara in a 122 days feeding trial. The juveniles were submitted to three treatment (treatment A – P. perna, treatment B – M. falcata and treatment C – commercial ration + Artemia sp. biomass) repeated 4 times. Initial density used was one individual per container. The feed rate was 10 % of the individual biomass. During the experiment bromatological analyses of the feed was done, verifying protein, lipids, ash, carbohydrate and humidity. The chemical and physical parameters of the experimental water (pH, temperature and salinity), were measured daily and the juveniles were measured verifying cephalotorax and total length and weighed at each 30 days of culture. At the end of the experiment, chemical and physical parameters, biometric data, number and frequency of molts per individual, survival rate were analyzed for the determination of statistical tests. Analysis with Kolmogorov-Smirnov the Student Test (chemical and physical parameters), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if necessary the Tukey Test (biometric data, number and frequency of molts and intermoult per individual) and test Qui-Quadrado of Pearson (survival rate), respectively. For the statistical tests, it has been used µ = 0,05 significance level. In this work chemical and physical parameters showed minimum, maximum and medium value much close among the treatments. Analysis with Kolmogorov-Smirnov showed that pH, temperature and salinity, attended normal supposition. These parameters showed no significant differences (P > 0,05) with the Student Test during the cultures among the treatments. After finished the experiment, chemical and physical parameters, biometric data, number and frequency of molts per individual, survival rate were analyzed for the determination of statistical tests. The results of gross weight (g) and cephalotorax (mm) and total (mm) length of spiny lobsters of treatment C showed a slight development compared to spiny lobsters of treatments A and B (P > 0,05). On the other hand, increment of cephalotorax (mm) and total (mm) length, showed alternation among the treatments. The value of these increments were slight lower for the treatment C (P > 0,05), respectively. The results of increments in treatment B showed slight better in relation to the treatment A and C(P > 0,05) respectively. The bromatological analyze of food in treatment B showed higher protein, lipid and carbohydrate value and the diet of treatment C showed lower value, respectively. The spiny lobster of treatment A, B, and C showed almost the same number of moults and intermoult periods (P > 0,05). The survival rate was also closed each other, and in some treatments almost the same (P > 0,05). We concluded that early juvenile spiny lobster P. laevicauda can be fed on diets used in this experiment. In addition the individuals accepted commercially formulated shrimp feeds. This fact contribute to the development of the methodology on the culture of lobsters, with speculation on the possible adaptations that can be useful to the final development of commercially incomeproducing units.