Avaliação das manifestações patológicas em edificações de interesse social: um estudo aplicado ao programa Minha Casa Minha Vida nos sertões de Crateús

Abstract

Social housing (HIS) plays a crucial role in mitigating the housing deficit in Brazil, driven by government initiatives such as the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV). However, large-scale mass production, budgetary constraints, and project standardization facilitate the premature emergence of pathological manifestations. The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate the main building anomalies in social housing linked to the PMCMV located in the Sertões de Crateús region, in Ceará. The methodology involved an applied, qualitative-quantitative research approach through diagnostic engineering based on in-situ visual inspections, photographic records, and structured building inspection forms across 10 sampled units, in addition to semi-structured questionnaires applied to the residents. The results revealed a scenario of premature degradation and accelerated functional obsolescence, in which 70% of the units exhibited pathological manifestations in less than three years after the official delivery of keys. Statistically, the classification of anomalies pointed to cracking in vertical masonry enclosures as the main pathological core (50% of records), followed by moisture and infiltration in roof slabs (20%), and ceramic flooring detachment (20%). The analysis of causes demonstrated that the mechanical stress caused by construction failures (70% of sample perception) is severely boosted by the regional semi-arid climate, whose high temperatures, low humidity, and concentrated torrential rainfalls accelerate shrinkage and differential hygrothermal movement phenomena. It is concluded that the excessive material and construction standardization of the program, by ignoring the local physical environment, drastically compromises the design service life and transfers a severe social and economic burden to low-income families. Finally, the study fulfills its role by formulating intervention proposals along with corrective and preventive technical guidelines to assist in the execution of building projects adapted to the semi-arid climate.