A transição energética no contexto do mecanismo de transição justa da UE e do roadmap de cooperação energética do BRICS: convergências e tensões entre sul e norte global

Abstract

Under the analysis of the just energy transition, one observes the adoption of numerous commitments, the advance of many debates, and the construction of mechanisms aimed at operationalizing this shift. This study seeks, at first, to systematize the concept of what would constitute a just energy transition, and only then to address its variations depending on the perspective of the Global North or the Global South. Accordingly, it begins with a holistic and intersectional analysis between the elements of justice and the need for an energy transition, thus blending philosophical concepts inherent to theories of justice with the economic and social demands for changes in energy matrices in the face of climate change. Next, we dissect an advanced and in-depth experience in the context of the Global North, namely, the policy of the European Union’s Just Transition Mechanism, under which we analyze both the regional European energy policy in general terms and the theoretical formulation of the mechanism, through its internal regulations, so that, ultimately, we may examine, from a critical standpoint, the positive and negative results of these policies based both on an economic perspective and on a social one. Finally, we prepare a study concerning the progress of BRICS energy cooperation, deepening the analysis of the bloc’s general characteristics, such as the energy policy of each member, so that we may then determine the particularities related to facing the energy transition in the region. Additionally, we analyze the general content of the document related to the BRICS Roadmap for Energy Cooperation, thus contributing, in the end, to filling its gaps and deepening its substance according to a critical and structuring analysis of the policies implemented in the European Union, highlighting both their successes and their shortcomings, as well as the fundamental adaptations of such policies to the reality of the BRICS countries.