Comunicação por linha de energia em ambientes residencias inteligentes: uma revisão sistemática focada em redes de baixa tensão

Abstract

This work presents a systematic literature review on the application of power line communication technology in low-voltage networks for smart residential environments. The study analyzes 62 articles published between 2019 and 2025, following the PRISMA protocol, with a focus on PLC operation, modulation techniques, technical challenges, and performance comparison with wireless technologies. The results indicate that PLC is a viable and complementary alternative for home automation, particularly due to the use of existing electrical infrastructure, offering advantages in terms of coverage and robustness in indoor environments. However, its adoption is constrained by challenges such as electromagnetic interference, impulsive noise, impedance variability, and lack of standardization. The review also identifies gaps in the literature, including the scarcity of studies conducted in real residential scenarios and the need for greater integration with hybrid technologies and energy management systems. It is concluded that PLC has the potential to support smart home applications but requires technical and regulatory advances to be consolidated as a large-scale communication solution.