Plataformização e precarização do trabalho no Brasil: perspectivas e desafios na implementação de cooperativas de plataforma como alternativa sustentável

Abstract

This academic paper critically analyzes the platformization of work, a phenomenon that has become consolidated in the context of the sharing economy, especially with the growth of digital platforms such as Uber. First, a historical overview of labor relations is presented, contextualizing the transformations promoted by economic crises and the incorporation of technologies in the forms of work organization, which culminated in the emergence and rise of the sharing economy. Using Uber as a reference, the paper examines how the business logic of platforms contributes to job insecurity, promoting weak relationships, long working hours, lack of labor guarantees, and holding workers themselves responsible for the risks and costs of the activity. Given this scenario, the study discusses the attempt to regulate this new reality through Complementary Bill (PLP) Nº. 12/2024, whose limitations are critically analyzed in light of the fundamental rights of workers. In response to the flaws of the platformized work model, this research proposes and explores platform cooperatives as a sustainable alternative, discussing their principles, such as self-management, collective ownership, and internal democracy, and evaluating successful international experiences, such as CoopCycle, Fairbnb, and Up&Go. Finally, the feasibility of implementing this model in Brazil is analyzed, taking into account legal, economic, and political challenges, as well as the importance of public policies to strengthen digital cooperativism. The methodology adopted is qualitative and bibliographic, with a descriptive and exploratory character, and seeks to offer contributions to the debate on the future of work in the face of digital transformation and the possibilities of collective organization. The conclusion is that, although the scenario is challenging, platform cooperatives represent a viable and promising alternative to the precariousness resulting from the logic of traditional platforms.