Impacto da industrialização e do desenvolvimento tecnológico sobre a renda: análise comparativa entre países da OCDE, BRICS e América Latina

Abstract

This research provides a comparative analysis of the impact of industrialization and technological development on per capita income in OECD, BRICS, and Latin American countries from 2005 to 2020. Using an econometric model of panel data with two-way fixed effects, the study verifies the existence of structural asymmetries between the blocs that influence the results. The findings indicate that the relationship between industrialization and income is positive and statistically significant only in the OECD, reflecting its mature productive structure and synergy with innovation. For BRICS and Latin America, the coefficients were not significant, revealing internal heterogeneity and commodity dependence. Technological development, measured by R&D expenditures, showed positive interactions, but its full impact depends on institutional complementarities. High-technology exports and gross fixed capital formation emerged as consistently significant factors for increasing income. It is concluded that differentiated public policies are essential, considering the specificities of each bloc to overcome structural traps and promote sustainable and homogeneous development.