Associação de variáveis sociodemográficas com perfil eletrolítico em pacientes com doença renal crônica atendidos em serviço especializado

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health condition of great relevance due to its clinical implications and impact on patients' quality of life. Associated comorbidities such as systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus can alter mineral metabolism and lead to clinical complications such as further loss of kidney function. In addition, hemodialysis therapy, often used for patients with advanced CKD, increases the complexity of clinical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrolyte biochemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium) in patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), establishing correlations between these parameters and associated risk factors. Data was collected from 60 patients seen at the HUWC nephrology outpatient clinic using the HUWC's Master and AGHU systems, as well as consulting their medical records after they had accepted and signed an informed consent form. Demographic, clinical and biochemical information was collected between January 2022 and March 2024. A high prevalence of chronic kidney disease was found in male patients, as well as in individuals aged between 46 and 60, most of whom are in the terminal stage. Systemic arterial hypertension was the comorbidity responsible for the highest prevalence of CKD in the sample. The most prevalent time of diagnosis was between 2011 and 2020, while the start of dialysis treatment was most significant in 2021 and 2022. The independent t-test showed that, on average, men had a higher creatinine index than women (t(58)=-2.352; p < 0.05).The chi-square test showed that there was no association between gender and the use or not of phosphorus chelators, the data being consistent with [X² (1)= 3.204; p > 0.05]. The same was observed between gender and the use or not of calcium supplements [X² (1)= 2.527; p > 0.05]. With regard to correlations, Pearson's correlation showed that there was a weak, positive correlation between urea and creatinine levels (ρ= 0.256; p < 0.05), between phosphorus and potassium values (ρ= 0.291; p < 0.05) and between phosphorus and creatinine (ρ= 0.309; p < 0.05). In addition, the Spearman correlation showed a weak and negative correlation between age groups and creatinine levels (ρ= -0.277; p < 0.05), as well as a weak and negative correlation between starting hemodialysis treatment and sodium levels (ρ= -0.390; p < 0.05). The study is a cross-section of a small number of patients assessed in a specialized service allocated to a reference hospital in the North and Northeast for kidney transplantation, and the data presented here shows a good quality of care for this population in the reference hospital. For a more comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between underlying diseases, length of dialysis treatment and the biochemical profile of patients, more robust assessments are needed for a better understanding of the disease and its complexity, which can indicate an accurate prevalence and contribute to improving the quality of life of patients with CKD.