A crise na expansão do mercado de energia eólica

Abstract

This study investigates the factors responsible for the slowdown of the wind energy market in Brazil, which, in 2024, recorded an increase of only 3% in total installed capacity compared to the previous year (EPE, 2025). Through an integrative literature review, combined with the analysis of technical documents issued by agencies such as ANEEL, ONS, and EPE, the research provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of wind power in the country, the current challenges, and the medium- and long-term outlook. The study also examines the effects of distributed generation on the National Interconnected System (SIN), the saturation of the power grid in regions with high wind generation density, and the operational difficulties faced by ONS in managing abrupt variations in net load. The results indicate that the increasing complexity of the national power matrix requires new regulatory strategies, including the imposition of financial guarantees, a reformulation of transmission system usage agreements, and enhanced governance over the grid access process. In response to this scenario, the study proposes structural measures aimed at a sustainable recovery of the sector, including improvements to transmission infrastructure, refinement of grid access criteria, incentives for technological innovation, and greater coordination among academia, industry, and public authorities. It concludes that Brazil still holds significant wind potential, capable of positioning this source as a central vector of the energy transition, provided that systemic planning and effective coordination among the various stakeholders in the power sector are ensured.