Análise do potencial energético do resíduo da casca da castanha de caju gerado no nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

The search for renewable and sustainable energy sources has driven research on biomass as a viable alternative for electricity and heat generation. In the Northeast of Brazil, agriculture and livestock play a fundamental role in the economy and daily life of the population. Among the most relevant crops, cashew stands out, as its nut has a significant influence on the local market, both in small and large enterprises. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the energy potential of cashew nut shell (CNS) as a biofuel, contributing to sustainability and the utilization of agro-industrial residues. For this purpose, thermodynamic equations were applied to three biomass samples from different locations and subjected to distinct treatments, analyzing parameters such as moisture content, calorific value, elemental composition, and combustion efficiency. Additionally, a technical analysis was conducted on a boiler, and a steam power plant was designed. The results indicate that CNS exhibits suitable properties for energy use, making it viable for electricity or steam generation in industrial processes, particularly in municipalities that produce cashew nut shells, such as Bela Cruz, which is addressed in this study. Thus, the study highlights the importance of utilizing agricultural residues to diversify the energy matrix, contributing to environmental impact reduction and sustainable development.