De Louisa May Alcott à sétima arte: a tradução dos aspectos feministas de Amy March para o cinema

Abstract

Starting from the research field of Intersemiotic Translation, with a feminist approach, this research aims to analyze the three film translations of the books written by Louisa May Alcott, Little Women and Good Wives, 1949, 1994 and 2019, directed respectively by Mervyn LeRoy, Gillian Armstrong and Greta Gerwig, with a focus on the character Amy March. The first book Little Women (1868) and its sequel Good Wives (1869) are considered classics of American literature and present explicit criticism of patriarchal society of the nineteenth century. Amy March is one of the characters that most favor a social critique to the patriarchal system and, for this reason, the character was the focus of this research. In this work, I analyze how the cinematographic translations represent the character Amy March, with emphasis on the translation strategies used by the directors to favor or attenuate a feminist interpretation of literary works for the screens. This is a bibliographic research, with emphasis on Intersemiotic Translation and the interrelationship between Literature, Cinema and Feminism. The analysis focuses on scenes and dialogues of the character in focus, with emphasis on the set of translation strategies employed by the directors and translators, having support in the theoretical elaborations of Roman Jakobson (1959), André Lefevere (1992), Toury (1995), Even-Zohar (1997), Plaza (2003), among others; in the perspectives of Literature and Cinema by Ismail Xavier (2003), Linda Hutcheon (2013) and Diniz (2003) and; in the Feminist Studies of Translation and Cinema, as in Lori Chamberlain (1998), Olga Castro (2017), Laura Mulvey (1975) and Kaplan (2001). The comparative study between adaptive works reveals different ways of approaching social issues according to the current context of each production. The adaptation carried out by Greta Gerwig is the one that most evidences a critical symbolic perspective in relation to the character Amy March, emphasizing a feminist reading of the character and approaching it to the literary representation of Alcott.