Avaliação dos impactos no perfil de tensões e curto-circuito em redes de distribuição com geração solar fotovoltaica: um estudo baseado no Sistema IEEE 13 Nós

Abstract

The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG), particularly from photovoltaic plants, has led to significant changes in electric power distribution systems. While this integration offers benefits such as reducing electrical losses and diversifying the energy matrix, it also presents relevant technical challenges. The inherent intermittency of solar generation directly impacts the network voltage profile and alters short-circuit current levels, requiring in-depth studies to ensure operational safety and system reliability. In this context, this study aims to analyze the effects of connecting a 2.5 MVA photovoltaic plant to the IEEE 13-bus distribution system through simulations performed in the OpenDSS software. The research evaluates how different connection points of the plant influence the voltage profile and short-circuit conditions in an unbalanced system. Seven operational scenarios were considered, including the network without DGand with the plant connected to different buses. The results reveal that, depending on the insertion location, photovoltaic generation can improve the voltage profile, bringing it within regulatory limits. However, its connection also affects short-circuit currents, which can reach up to twice the nominal inverter current under certain conditions. Based on the conducted analyses, this study provides insights into the impacts of photovoltaic generation on network operation and protection system coordination. Additionally, the findings contribute to developing more effective strategies for the safe integration of DG, highlighting the need for careful planning in power grids with high penetration of renewable sources.