A vanguarda concretista no contexto da literatura cearense

Abstract

The Concretism was an important avant-garde movement for the Brazilian literature. Emerged in the 50s and opposed mainly traditionalist poetry of "Geração de 45", breaking with the use of fixed forms and with the predominance of the verse and valuing the use of graphic visual space, the synthetic character of construction and other devices that enable the creation of a poetry endowed with objectivity. In this study, we analyze the manifestations of concrete poetry in the context of literature of Ceará. After Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Ceará was the state that contributed most to the performance of the Concrete movement in the country, emphasizing that there were two Exhibition of Concrete Art in the state, the first in 1957, just one year after official launch of the movement in São Paulo and the second in 1959. The poets Antônio Girão Barroso, José Alcides Pinto, Horácio Didimo and Pedro Henrique Saraiva Leão participated in the movement in the state and they are the poets who make up the corpus of this research. Ceará, as well as Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, participated in the developmental aspirations of the 50s, which favored, in the cultural sphere, the opening to a proposal for renewal as concrete poetry. From the analysis of the poems of the concrete poets of Ceará, both in the years before the movement, during and after the Concretism, we drew up an overview of how was the manifestation of that avant-garde in the state, as well as their local. The highlights were the trends of these poets to combine modernist poems and Concrete poems, the concern about what was happening in society, especially in the 60s, and, from the 80s, the greater heterogeneity of the style and of the resources used by them. To understand the meaning of this heterogeneity, were discussed the views of "post-utopian poetry," of Haroldo de Campos, and "re-traditionalisation frivolous" by Iumna Simon. Finally, it is noteworthy that, despite the particularities of the concrete movement of Ceará in relation to Orthodox Concretism of São Paulo, is known that the poets of Ceará tended to keep important formal lessons to this movement, as the appreciation of the synthesis and concise vocabulary that incorporated to the poems.