Cônicas unificadas em coordenadas polares para uma nova abordagem no ensino médio

Abstract

In this work, the features and the main algebraic and geometric elements of conic sections were succinctly studied. lnitially, the three general types of the conic sections were discussed, focusing at first on their regular forms and then, in certain moment, discussing about their degenerate forms. It was found that, according to a fixed Cartesian system, it is possible to establish a global representation of the conics through a two-variable algebraic quadratic equation, in a way that, in any equation of this form, reciprocally, can be identified by means of rotation or translation, with the reduced equation of any particular type of conic. At the end of this work, it was proposed an innovative approach of this rich teaching-leaming topic in basic concepts of elementary algebra and geometry to be applied in high school, as required for good mathematical training. lt was proposed that the study of conic would be used complementing the alternativa way to define them from their eccentricity, converging to a unified general equation of the conics in polar coordinates. This generalized way and absolutely simple to represent the conical is seen as easily manipulated and reflects on itself a singular beauty of mathematics, The Queen of Sciences. lt is worth to emphasize that the focus of the content discussed was presented in a very simple, easy to understand language, once this work is preferably intended for students and teachers of basic education.