Comportamento hidráulico de mistura solo-cinzas provenientes da queima de resíduos têxteis

Abstract

The hydraulic behavior of soils is a factor that directly influences water infiltration and runoff, thereby directly affecting other geotechnical characteristics such as compressibility and strength. The coefficient of hydraulic conductivity is the main parameter that reflects this behavior, being influenced by factors such as structure, particle arrangement, and void ratio, which can be modified through granulometric stabilization. Among various stabilizing materials, industrial waste-derived ashes stand out as a sustainable alternative for modifying the hydraulic properties of soil and promoting the reuse of these waste materials. In light of this, this study aims to investigate the hydraulic behavior of soil-textile ash mixtures, analyzing their influence on permeability and soil structure. The materials analyzed in this research were sandy soil, textile ash, and the soil-ash mixture. The soil was collected from a rural road, while the textile ash was obtained from a red ceramic factory located in the municipality of Russas, Ceará, Brazil. The samples were sent to UFC 3 Campus Russas, where they underwent geotechnical, mechanical, and chemical characterization. Additionally, the mechanical behavior of the textile ash was analyzed through compaction tests, and the hydraulic behavior was evaluated through water permeability tests. To obtain the soil-ash mixture, particle arrangement optimization was sought, with minimization of void volume, using the Andreasen model. The main results showed that the addition of textile ash to the soil reduced hydraulic conductivity by 77.23%, with the permeability coefficient decreasing from 5.05×10⁻⁷ m/s in the sandy soil to 1.15×10⁻⁷ m/s in the mixture. Furthermore, there was an increase in the void ratio from 0.24 to 0.28 and a reduction in the maximum dry density, which decreased from 1920 kg/m³ in the sandy soil to 1830 kg/m³ in the soil-ash mixture. The combined analysis of the results demonstrated that the addition of textile ash significantly reduced soil permeability and maximum dry density, favoring a structure with lower hydraulic conductivity.