Análise geográfica e ambiental do Cerrado nordestino: tendências, distribuição e implicações para a conservação

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Cerrado biome, focusing on both the general panorama and the specific context of the Northeast region of Brazil. The research utilized bibliometric techniques and data from the Web of Science platform, revealing a constant increase in scientific production on the Cerrado, especially since 2010. This growth reflects a globally increasing interest in the ecology and conservation of this biome. The analysis highlighted the unique challenges and opportunities of the Cerrado in Northeast Brazil, where the topic is gaining scientific relevance. The spatial distribution of research and collaboration networks underscored the importance of Brazilian institutions, such as the University of Brasília, in promoting knowledge and conservation of the Cerrado. Thematically, a shift in research focus was observed, with growing concerns directed towards conservation. Additionally, the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna with high plant species diversity despite severe environmental conditions, was specifically analyzed in the northeastern portion, considered marginal to the central region. The flora of this area is unique, with high species richness and endemism. The study investigated the floristic structure and environmental factors of tree species in the northeastern Cerrado, using data from 157 sampling sites and 1,171 tree species. Multivariate analyses identified four distinct floristic groups, associated with different physiognomies (Cerrados campestres, matas ciliares estacionais e florestas latifoliadas). Environmental variables such as soil, climate, and altitude were strongly correlated with the distribution of species and floristic groups. The results emphasize the importance of considering the northeastern Cerrado as a distinct and biodiverse region, requiring conservation efforts tailored to its unique environmental and floristic characteristics.