Transição energética no Brasil e suas movimentações políticas diante das mudanças climáticas

Abstract

For years, it has been observed that the search for sustainable development of planet Earth has been the subject of constant studies in various areas of knowledge. Thus, Public International Law, a branch that aims to understand and regulate legal relations between countries, among other aspects, has enough space to focus on the regulation of the use of renewable sources. In this context, the climate crisis is gaining international prominence, increasingly fueling the debate about the importance of a sustainable energy matrix. Thus, understanding how regulations are being created and how this can influence the Brazilian legal standards in force in the electricity sector, as well as analyzing public environmental policy movements, are essential to combat the adverse effects caused by the inappropriate use of polluting sources. Furthermore, the urgency of adapting the energy matrix to low-carbon sources is already a reality, given the political movements to respond to it. Thus, the development of a robust legal framework, capable of guaranteeing individual and collective rights, becomes essential to strengthen the protection of the environment and the health of the Brazilian population. This paper aims to investigate the current Brazilian legal framework regarding this issue of environmental protection aimed at changes in the national electricity matrix, as well as to identify the political position adopted by Brazil to combat the climate crisis. In this sense, it is imperative to analyze the procedures to promote new renewable sources in the energy matrix and the results obtained both in the European context and in China's advances in the automotive sector, which raise questions about the time viability necessary to implement these public policies. Thus, considering the urgency of the climate situation, it is essential to assess the availability of sufficient time for the implementation of environmental policy projects in the electricity sector. Therefore, it is clear that the implementation of financing policies, tax incentives, among other forms of regulation of clean sources can significantly contribute to environmental protection programs and promote the transition to an energy matrix aimed at the low-carbon economy, ensuring a sustainable future.