Os planos territoriais de transição justa na União Europeia: uma análise de políticas regionais de transição energética na Suécia e na Dinamarca

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by industries, economies, and societies have directly impacted climate change, highlighting the need for a broad decarbonization process. This process, in turn, must include concerns for justice and equity so that socio-technical changes do not deepen inequalities or fall disproportionately on vulnerable social groups. Within the European Union (EU), the idea of "just transition" has become central to discussions and important policy packages, such as the Green Deal, which created the Just Transition Mechanism (JTM). This research aims to identify which mechanisms are used by Sweden and Denmark in their Territorial Just Transition Plans (TJTPs) to promote a just energy and climate transition in carbon-intensive regions. The regions selected for analysis in this study are Norrbotten (Sweden) and South Jutland (Denmark). The methodology undertaken in this study consisted of a qualitative research approach, including analysis of the socio-economic context, key national and regional climate and energy strategy documents, and analysis and mapping of the intervention mechanisms stipulated by Sweden and Denmark in their TJTPs to promote the transition fairly in these regions. The results indicate that the EU, as a supranational body, has significant power to impact regional energy transition policies, since it binds its development goals to member countries, as well as making access to the Just Transition Fund conditional on the elaboration of TJTPs. Furthermore, the Norbotten andSouth Jutland TJTPs demonstrate coherence with the stipulated goals, although they still need to advance broader justice concerns involving gender equity, energy poverty, and participation of traditional peoples in decision-making.