Práticas de cuidado pela arte na atenção psicossocial de Fortaleza/CE: uma cartografia em tempos de crise da reforma psiquiátrica

Abstract

Throughout the history of psychiatric reform in Brazil, important achievements were achieved in the field of mental health within the scope of the Unified Health System (UHS), such as the implementation of the psychosocial care model. In this context, there is an interest in covering other knowledge and practices beyond psychiatric, with art care practices being expressly recognized for their potential in this field. However, with the scenario experienced in recent years of intensification of neoliberal flows, today we are witnessing the strengthening of conservative forces that generate a wave of asylums in the country, making it necessary to reflect on the possible horizons of working with art in this panorama. With this in mind, a cartographic intervention research was conducted, bricolaged with propositions from French institutional analysis, in a General Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) in Fortaleza/CE, seeking, as a general objective, to investigate the possibilities of care with art in Psychosocial care in times of crisis in psychiatric reform in Brazil. Its specific objectives were: a) to discuss the crisis of Brazilian psychiatric reform and its effects on mental health work, especially in care through art; b) map current art care practices in a CAPS in the city of Fortaleza/CE; c) reflect on the effects of caring for art on the production of health and the modes of existence in this context, from the perspective of service users and professionals. The study involved the use of semi-structured interviews, waiting room activities, conversation circles with team members, moments of restitution with participants, in addition to participation in artistic activities offered by the service, using participant observation and diaries. field. The analytical exercise, supported by the analysis of implication and intersectionality, consisted of visualizing the lines of force that cross art care practices amid the turbulence that operates today in mental health, committing to an ethical-aestheticpolitical stance in favor of life. The discussion established dialogues between schizoanalysis, institutional analysis, the principles of psychiatric reform and contributions from authors profiled in decolonial studies. As results and discussion, the research revealed, among the participants, forces of different natures that affect care through art, namely: scarcity of human, material and financial resources; lack of public initiatives aimed at promoting art in psychosocial care; disinvestment in collective care strategies; and lack of knowledge regarding the potential of art for producing health among participants. In another way, it highlighted that art can produce and strengthen elements that manage psychosocial care, tracing at least three of its possibilities in the proposed context: a) as a device that promotes the power of action of mental health workers; b) as a strategy to enhance meetings; c) as an agent of a creative dimension in mental health work. It concludes by defending investment in the production of knowledge and strategies that strengthen care for art in the sphere of psychosocial care as a form of resistance to today's challenging times.